Thomas Hardy Quotes From Tess of the dUrberville

Tess of the dUrberville is a tragedy. The novel details the loss of innocence and the ultimate destruction of a young girl. The novel was one of the last novels by Thomas Hardy, who is also famous for Jude the Obscure. Here are a few quotes from Tess of the dUrberville. I dont know; but I think so. They sometimes seem to be like the apples on our stubbard-tree. Most of them splendid and sound - a few blighted.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 4 I wont sell his old body. When we dUrbervilles was knights in the land, we didnt sell our chargers for cats meat. Let em keep their shillings! Heve served me well in his lifetime, and I wont part from him now.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 4 Thus, the thing began. Had she perceived this meetings import she might have asked why she was doomed to be seen and coveted that day by the wrong man, and not by some other man, the right and desired one in all respects...- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 5 Out of the frying pan into the fire!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 10 But some might say, where was Tesss guardian Angel? Where was the providence of her simple faith? Perhaps... he was talking, or he was pursuing, or he was in a journey, or he was sleeping and not to be awaked... As Tesss own people down in those retreats are never tired of saying among each other in their fatalistic way: It was to be.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 11 My life looks as if it had been wasted for want of chances! When I see what you know, what you have read, and seen, and thought, I feel what a nothing I am!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 19 I cant bear to let anybody have him but me! Yet it is wrong Tess him, and may kill him when he knows!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 28 Yes; at that dance on the green; but you would not dance with me. O, I hope that is no ill-omen for us now!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 30 you always courting me, and always thinking as much of me as you have done through the past summertime!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 32 You are very good. But it strikes me that there is a want of harmony between your present mood of self-sacrifice and your past mood of self-preservation.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 35 I agree to the conditions, Angel; because you know best what my punishment ought to be; only - only - dont make it more than I can bear!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 37 She would have laid down her life for ee. I could do no more.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 40 You, and those like you, take your fill of pleasure on earth by making the life of such as me bitter and black with sorrow; and then it is a fine thing when you have had enough of that, to think of securing your pleasure in heaven by becoming converted!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 45 How can I pray for you, when I am forbidden to believe that the great Power who moves the world would alter his plans on my account?- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 46 You have been the cause of my backsliding, he continued, stretching his arm towards her waist; you should be willing to share it, and leave that mule you call husband forever.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 47 Remember, my lady, I was your master once! I will be your master again. If you are any mans wife you are mine!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 47 O why have you treated me so monstrously, Angel! I do not deserve it. I have thought it all over carefully, and I can never, never forgive you! You know that I did not intend to wrong you - why have you so wronged me? You are cruel, cruel indeed! I will try to forget you. It is all injustice I have received at your hands!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 51 his original Tess had spiritually ceased to recognize the body before him as hers - allowing it to drift, like a corpse upon the current, in a direction disassociated from its living will.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 55 O, you have torn my life all to pieces... made me be what I prayed you in pity not to make me be again!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 56 And the dUrberville knights and dames slept on in their tombs unknowing.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 59

The Film Silver Linings Playbook And If It Accurately...

Many films try and portray mental illness in different ways but many do not accurately represent the illness and the struggle that people go through. In this essay we will be looking at the film Silver Linings Playbook and if it accurately represents Pat Solatano’s mental illness. The film Silver Linings Playbook follows the life of Pat Solatano. After Pat catches his wife was cheating on him he has a manic attack and is required to spend many years in a mental institution to help with this disorder. When Pat gets out of the mental institution he planned on getting his life back together and going back to the way things used to be with his old job and wife. The mental illness that will be looked at is bipolar disorder. The mental illness†¦show more content†¦Compared to a depressive attack where the person may see to be feelings of emptiness or worthlessness. They start showing problems with concentration, decision-making, or forgetfulness and start having behavioral changes and seem to be more fatigued or low energy (Healthline. 2017).Pat is not seen to have many noticeable moments where he really shows that he’s having a depressive attack. Medication is normally used to help people with bipolar disorder that range. Some of these medications can include Olanzapine (Zyprexa) and Risperidone (Risperdal) but these medications can cause the patient to feel Drowsiness and Dizzy, it can also cause Headaches, diarrhea, Nausea, bloating or indigestion and Blurred vision (Natasha Tracy. 2017). During the movie, Pat is seen to be told that he needs to take his medication. Ted does not want to take these medications as they make him feel disconnected and drowsy. Along with medication, other people use different coping â€Å"psychological therapies (or talking therapies ) such as psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), or counselling as an additional treatment for bipolar disorder, alongside medication.†(Treatment for bipolar disorder | Black Dog Institute. 2017).

An Analysis Of Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift

Arnel John Chester Gasic Professor Stricker GEW 101 November 3, 2015 The Irony in Cannibalism Humor in serious topics can bring the light side of things and can also bring more attention than just talking about them. In â€Å"Modest Proposal† written by Jonathan Swift, he uses humor to talk about the famine that was happening back then and proposes an economical idea. By using the word â€Å"Proposal† in his title, he gives a reasonably suggestion to aid the Irish, Swift mentions them one by one the many benefits and counters the objections many may have, uses rhetorical reasoning and proves his humanitarian views. Swift has written in detail over the degree of poverty in IReland, he draws attention to the causes of it and proves in great detail that his â€Å"Proposal† will work in which ways it does work. Jonathan Swift had a rough childhood only raised by his mother. Swift’s mother did not have a steady income and struggled to raise Swift all by her self. Swift was later passed on to his dad’s brother who was weal thy. Transitioning from poor to wealthy was difficult for Swift but it let him see both sides of the world. Swift worked as English statesman for 10 years and helped for political errands (The Biography.com Editors 2015). In 1712, he moved back to Ireland as soon as he saw that Tories would fall from power. He has written many famous writings, including â€Å"Gulliver’s Travel† Ireland was a colony of England; it was economically, politically, and militarilyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Analysis of A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift1081 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift In his biting political satire called ?A Modest Proposal,? Jonathan Swift seeks to create empathy for the poor through his ironic portrayal of the children of Irish beggars as commodities that can be regulated and even eaten. He is able to poke fun at the dehumanization of the multitudes of poor people in Ireland by ironically commenting on what he sees as an extension of the current situation. Swift?s essay seeks to comment on the terribleRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift854 Words   |  4 PagesA Modest Proposal† is an essay by Jonathan Swift that gives some type of a solution to the hunger problem in Ireland. Swift espouse an ironic approach that guarantee a surprise ending. At the beginning of the essay, he cornerstones his proposal that will be good for the public and diminish economic troubles. The proposal that Swift advances concerns the selling of poor Irish children to the rich, so that they could suffice as food. In addition, h e points out that this will ease the pressures on theRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Swift s A Modest Proposal956 Words   |  4 Pagesissue for the Irish and became a topic of satire ridicule for writers. Specifically, Jonathan Swift demonstrates mockery of this time in one of his written works, â€Å"A Modest Proposal.† The speaker proposes to shift the issues of over population and poverty to a business like mentality by paying woman to bare children and then after a year, gaining a profit by selling and eat their children. The speaker’s proposal to consume the children of Ireland demonstrates a satirical solution to the Irish’s economicRead MoreEssay on Rhetorical Analysis of a Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift639 Words   |  3 PagesJohnathan Swift wrote Modest Proposal with the idea to better humanity.. When you first read it you miss what the true message is. You think â€Å"Man this guy is a monster!† or â€Å"He’s sick!†, but once you reach the end the true meaning of the proposal hits you. When Jonathan Swift wrote a Modest Proposal he tried to get his audience to see the problem by taking it and providing an unethical and inhumane solution then using rhetorical devices to bring out people’s emotions. Of the many devices he usedRead MoreAnalysis of Jonathan Swift ´s A Modest Proposal Essay532 Words   |  3 Pagesdone, the issue hasn’t been fazed a bit. From Jonathan Swift’s Modest Proposal, he clarifies the poverty issued throughout Ireland in the early 1700’s and how one suggestion could change it all. Elaborated from the Literary Reference Center, â€Å"A Modest Proposal, like Gulliver’s Travels, transcends the political, social, and economic crisis that gave birth to it, woeful as they were. Packed with irony and satirical revelations of the human condition†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Swift wasn’t just writing a masterpiece, but an intendedRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Swift s A Modest Proposal And Li Ruzhen s Flowers994 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many uses of satire in Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal and in Li Ruzhen’s Flowers in the Mirror. Both of these readings address social issues during the 17th and 18th century and addres s them with various uses of satire to help emphasize their thoughts of dislike and carry that to their readers. Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal proposes using poor bastard children as food to help the poverty level along with other social issues that come with poor women carrying children and havingRead MoreJonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal949 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift takes place in Dublin Ireland in the 18th century. The narrator is a very ironic character. His â€Å"modest† proposal is anything but modest. This short story takes place during a famine. Since there was a famine, Swift proposes the idea that people sell their one year old children to the rich so they would not be a burden to their family. One important way in which the author engages the audience’s attention and tries to help his readers see deeper politicalRead MoreLiterary Analysis : Jonathan Swift1425 Words   |  6 PagesEllen Griffith Freshman Comp. II Oct. 27, 2015 Literary analysis The author I decided to write about is Jonathan Swift for he had a keen sense for effective sarcasm. As Jonathan Swift said â€Å"The proper words in the proper places are the true definition of style.† Though he was known in different ways, he was mostly popularized through his gift in writing, particularly his satire, or his use of humor and irony, essays. Through out swift life, there has been plenty of events where I believe shapeRead MoreA Modest Proposal Analysis Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesA Modest Proposal Literary Analysis By J--- ----------- J--- ----------- Mr. H----- Period 6 2 May 2011 Jonathan Swift’s Use of Satire and Exaggeration Satire is a form of literature in which an author tries to demonstrate his or her point of view by ridiculing. The author uses heavy irony and sarcasm in order to criticize a social issue. A perfect example of a work of satire is Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal. In this satirical essay, Jonathan Swift attacks on the issue of theRead MoreSimilarities between Martin Luther Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail and Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal1358 Words   |  6 Pages Even the most cursory analysis of Letter From Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King, Jr. and A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift reveals glaring differences between the two essays. Surprisingly, a side-by-side comparison also yields many similarities between the two works. The most obvious similarity between the two essays is the overarching theme of the subject matter. In both essays, the writers address deeply-entrenched social injustices. For example, in Letter From Birmingham Jail

Pathophysiology Final Paper Pathophysiology - 1077 Words

Amal Wasuge Pathophysiology Final Paper Thursday April 16, 2015 In today’s society nearly every individual experiences some sort of stress, whether it is chronic stress or acute. Acute stress is the immediate response to a demanding situation, for example, managing your home life, finances and the status of ones health. According Time Magazine, a recent survey reports that the incidence of stress has declined but is still lingering over the lives of young adults. The National Stress in America survey had two thousand participants ages eighteen to thirty –three, more than half of this population reported receiving minimal to no support in coping with the stress (Sifferlin, 2013). Most of the young adults reported that a single source†¦show more content†¦According to National Institutes of Health, health complications arise when nerve chemicals and hormones that are released during a stress response persists for an extended period of time and take control over other body functions. Some of the disrupted systems include, the immune, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and reproductive systems (http://www.nimh.nih.gov). The immune system contains many cells that are responsible for protecting the body against viral, bacterial and fungal infections. A weakened immune system resulted by stress will contribute to the development of diseases. Additionally, the musculoskeletal system is also affected during a stress response. The muscle system generally tenses up for long period of time, resulting in tension headaches, migraines and further musculoskeletal conditions. The target population for this article was young adults or the â€Å"millennials.† An Expert reported to Time Magazine that the millennials are those individuals between the ages of eighteen to thirty-three. He believes that they are growing up at a tough time, a time where the economy fell apart as this age group was ending their college educations (Sifferlin, 2013). It was also mentioned that this population especially was sheltered in several ways with a lot of high expectations from fellow members of society. Based on those variables the levels of stress experienced by this population are tremendous (Sifferlin, 2013). Even though a drop of stress levels

Risk and Security Concerns Ransomeware †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Risk and Security Concerns Ransomeware. Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about the security as well as risk concerns with ransom ware. The attack of ransomware consists of greatest cybercrime danger which came into picture in 2016 in high volume and there is also a sharp rise in the number and value of attacks as per the new report from various surveys like internet security firm. So many attackers have slowly perfected the business model of this virus by using high quality encryption along with bit coin payment and huge spam based campaigns in order to develop a dangerous as well as wide ranging malware (Ferrell, 2017). The average amount of ransom from the attacks from ransome ware rose by leaps and bounds. The concept of ransom ware can be defined as malware that is able to hold the computers or files for ransom ware which is wrongly encrypting the documents and locking the browser on systems that is actually impacted with infections and then later demanding a ransom to regain the overall access. At the same time, the criminals have also used a very high pressure tools to get victims pay for the ransom like making the data completely unrecoverable after a specific period of time, threatening to post the sensitive data on various public platforms (Batcheller et al, 2017). Use fear technique by claiming to be enforcement of law which also threaten the precautions sometimes. It also covers the rise in the ransom based payment amount with the time spend on it. Many times, the renders of the machine can unbootable since it has the capacity to overwrite the Master Boot Record which also encrypts the physical space. It also threatens to remove the data as well as renders all the information o n enterprise computer inapproachable. Risk and Security Concerns with Ransom ware There are number of concerns all across the industry associated with ransom ware since many high profile cases that discusses the concept are not just a threat for the customers since it attacks the company on big level. It is very important to understand here that the attackers has the power to leverage this concept being motivated by profit and the other reasons that have made them attack specific company or industry as straight forward. There are some attackers that might very well target particular industry with attacks from ransom ware. There are other kind of attackers as well that can leverage the capacities and develop an ability to exploit specific type of vulnerabilities in particular platform or particular line of business implementation that happen to be used mainly with heavy use by certain industries (Herrera et al, 2017). There is obviously rise in concern in the present industry and it is now time evaluate the risk associated with ransom ware and the level at which it is increasing. This will further assist the security team as well as the risk manager to get some clarity in case the data should be prioritizing the risk in a different manner (Pope, 2016). It is important to understand here that risk is actually is a combination of impact and probability. It is important to understand the data as well as insights that will assist the company to gain clarity on the possible elements related with risk of this virus called as ransom ware. Usage of data from report of Microsoft Security Intelligence includes the data based on telemetry from millions of computer system worldwide and it can also be seen with ransom ware that has been facing all across the world less frequently with all other kind of malware (Cuppens et al, 2017). The figure discussed below has also illustrated the number of encounters for varied malware category for every quarter ending in the second quarter of 2015. The rate of encounter is based on the overall percentage of the computer operating with Microsoft with safety in real time and many associated software that can help in reporting or detecting the malware with so many unwanted software during that time. Also there are many other kind of encounter that are based on systems functioning with elements of Microsoft S ecurity with right kind of reporting that is blocked with malware from installation for them. At the same time, there are multiple levels of international encounters which are just associated with friction as well as there are some nations or regions that have high encounter rates for ransom ware. It also covers the probability of facing the ransom ware which is actually higher than some locations than any other. For instance, the ER usage in Mexico was actually five times higher than just the present .8 percent at the same time. Countries like Canada and France has faced encounter from ransom ware which is five times higher than the world level average at .7 percent since USA, Turkey and Russia have actually elevated the encounter with ransom ware (German, 2017). At the same time, commodity based ransom ware has low level of encounter rates with low level of infection rates when deciding the possibility and influence in risk associated ransom ware and its significance to consider that attacks is being used as a part of ransom ware as main service kit and it is decided for so many targeted attacks. It is important to understand the fact that ransom ware are not very important at the present point is an actually a good news. However, that never makes it less painful for the users and companies as a part victim. Therefore, Microsoft is also dedicated to continually raising the bar on the attackers and assisting the consumer from so many kinds of threats. There is also a rise in mitigation present for the customer of company which is existed on premises as well as based on cloud also. In addition, Window 10 has many advance level of security characteristics that can make it better for the attackers in order to gain success with ransom ware (McSha ne et al, 2016). Strategies to address them Following are the strategies used address ransom ware concerns: - Understanding the wide context: there are ten percent of securities professional that have admitted to pay for the ransom ware without highlighting the team and the survey researched and found. There were approximately six hundred million of attacks from ransom ware which also means that the scale of the attacks that is much higher than actually perceived. The team of security must be leading by example, since the human nature is usually the weak link in the security in cyber space. It is also stated that the processes can be bypassed with more aware risks when assisted people conducted the work in effective manner. The sentiments are maintained at consistent level with research which is shows with eighty five percent of CIO believed as an end user that are weak link in the present security (Lee Jeong, 2017). The company also claimed that forty percent of international companies have also suffered an attack from ransom ware. Detail with rise in ransom ware: when there is rise in risk of this attack which is associated with rise in exponential manner. It is also being detected that there is huge yearly rise in attacks with six hundred million in the year 2016. There is also an unwanted development which is actually driven by low level of cost on conducting with an attack with ransom ware and there is ease in distributing it with low risk of being caught red handed. The danger from the attack with ransom ware which was brought into some level of relief when ransom ware like WannaCry attack is spread worldwide. The attacks, which has impacted major public and private sector companies that continues to have an important influence on companys effectiveness. The overall risk from ransom ware is based on loss and damage in reputation is actually high in number. Organizations are also very keen to actually high the current error (Lee Jeong, 2017). Taking the right steps to improve the control in security: an organization like Bromium is not the first company to note that how different security professionals can cover different breaches. The surveys also says that there are thousands of employees in security team and found that there are one in five had seen a company that intentionally hides or cover a breach. The recoveries from the data loss from ransomware are usually challenging by nature and in some cases are impossible. Organization usually takes more steps to remove the level of infection and decrease the overall risk of related attacks (Lee Jeong, 2017). Patching the system is a critical process and as per recent attacks from ransom ware along with other kind of malware is spreading with the usage called as vulnerabilities for which there are different patches that released by number of vendors. It is important to be able to patch the updates that can be released and making it safer place. It is also important to make sure that software associated with anti-malware must be updated with all the latest news. In addition, the education by the user is a key when saving the infection and spreading the ransom ware. Considering the execution of application of strategies and software limitation policies. There must be prohibition any implemented files from functioning through the temporary folders (Peisert et al, 2017). The company will also have to practice and all kind of preparation and saving the world will further guarantee that the company should be immune system for becoming the victim of different malware like ransom ware. Therefore, it is also crucial to practice the response the actions while experiencing the attack. This will further help in highlighting the gaps in case of security or process that can help in fixing them before the company truly requires them. Conclusion The lesson learned here are simple. It is important to keep the system up to date and constantly backup the data and these are not just related to good advices to save against the ransom ware. However, the concept is becoming redundant. All the systems are becoming a form of computer and like a general device like microwave or refrigerator or car or television and it cover everything like traffic lights to national level power grid for all the computers (Peisert et al, 2017). The concept of file corruption and database corruption in the present time are some of the most common kind of attack from ransom ware in case of encryption and usage of cryptographic for API. It is also being witnessed that the database corruption also attacks through different SQL queries which can strike a balance between thousands databases worldwide. The attacks from ransom ware is actually against the databases that are most likely to rise since they are based on where companys sensitive data that can be e asily located. It is also important to keep in mind that the encryption is only just one way for corruption (Singh et al, 2016). However, one must not be mistaken and encryption of files should not go away at any point of time. The system functions with potential level attack on audience are huge and with number of anti-virus outcomes that do not protect against the system. Reference Batcheller, A., Fowler, S. C., Cunningham, R., Doyle, D., Jaeger, T., Lindqvist, U. (2017). Building on the Success of Building Security In.IEEE Security Privacy,15(4), 85-87. Cuppens, F., Cuppens, N., Lanet, J. L., Legay, A. (Eds.). (2017).Risks and Security of Internet and Systems: 11th International Conference, CRiSIS 2016, Roscoff, France, September 5-7, 2016, Revised Selected Papers(Vol. 10158). Springer. Ferrell, O. C. (2017). Broadening marketings contribution to data privacy.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,45(2), 160-163. German, P. (2017). Organisations have latched on to the need to secure SIP trunking solutions by implementing a Session Border Controller (SBC). The problem is that the vast majority of SBCs are considered not just one-off investments but also one-off deployments. Yet from denial of service attacks to toll fraud, SIP trunking is not only inherently vulnerable, that vulnerability continues to change and escalate. Few...Network Security,2017(1), 14-16. Herrera, A. V., Ron, M., Rabado, C. (2017, June). National cyber-security policies oriented to BYOD (bring your own device): Systematic review. InInformation Systems and Technologies (CISTI), 2017 12th Iberian Conference on(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Lee, J., Jeong, J. W. (2017). A Study on the Serious Issues in the Practice of Information Security in IT: With a Focus on Ransomware. InAdvanced Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering(pp. 31-36). Springer, Singapore. McShane, I., Gregory, M. A., Wilson, C. (2016). Practicing Safe Public Wi-Fi: Assessing and Managing Data-Security Risks. Peisert, S., Welch, V., Adams, A., Bevier, R., Dopheide, M., LeDuc, R., ... Stocks, K. (2017). Open Science Cyber Risk Profile (OSCRP). Pope, J. (2016). Ransomware: Minimizing the Risks.Innovations in clinical neuroscience,13(11-12), 37. Singh, S., Jeong, Y. S., Park, J. H. (2016). A survey on cloud computing security: Issues, threats, and solutions.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,75, 200-222.

Infant Language free essay sample

From the first days of life, babies attend to words and expressions, responding as well as their limited abilities allow—crying, cooing, and soon babbling. Before age 1, they understand simple words and communicate with gestures. At 1 year, most infants speak. Vocabulary accumulates slowly at first, but then more rapidly with the naming explosion and with the emergence of the holophrase and the two-word sentence. The impressive language learning of the first two years can be explained in many ways. One theory contends that caregivers must teach language, reinforcing the infant’s vocal expressions. Another theory relies on the idea of an inborn language acquisition device, a mental structure that facilitates the acquisition of language as soon as maturation makes that possible. A third theory stresses social interaction, implying that infants learn language because they are social beings. A hybrid model combines all three of these theories. Because infants vary in culture, learning style, and social context, the hybrid theory acknowledges that each of the other theories may have some validity at different points in the acquisition of language. We will write a custom essay sample on Infant Language or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sensorimotor Intelligence 1. Piaget realized that very young infants are active learners, seeking to understand their complex observations and experiences. Adaptation in infancy is characterized by sensorimotor intelligence, the first of Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development. At every time of their lives, people adapt their thoughts to the experiences they have. 2. Sensorimotor intelligence develops in six stages—three pairs of two stages each—beginning with reflexes and ending with the toddler’s active exploration and use of mental combinations. In each pair of stages, development occurs in one of three types of circular reactions, or feedback loops, in which the infant takes in experiences and tries to make sense of them. 3. Reflexes provide the foundation for intelligence. The continual process of assimilation and accommodation is evident in the first acquired adaptations, from 1 to 4 months. The sucking reflex accommodates the particular nipples and other objects that the baby learns to suck. Over the next year, infants become more goal-oriented, creative, and experimental as â€Å"little scientists. 4. Infants gradually develop an understanding of objects in their first two years of life. As shown in Piaget’s classic experiment, infants understand object permanence and begin to search for hidden objects at about 8 months. Other research finds that Piaget underestimated the cognition of young infants. Information Processing 5. Another approach to understanding infant cognition is information-processing theory, whi ch looks at each step of the thinking process, from input to output. The perceptions of a young infant are attuned to the particular affordances, or opportunities for action, that are present in the infant’s world. 6. Objects that move are particularly interesting to infants, as are other humans. Objects as well as people afford many possibilities for interaction and perception, and therefore these affordances enhance early cognition. 7. Infant memory is fragile but not completely absent. Reminder sessions help trigger memories, and young brains learn motor sequences long before they can remember with words. Memory is multifaceted; explicit memories are rare in infancy. Language: What Develops in the First Two Years? 8. Eager attempts to communicate are apparent in the first year. Infants babble at about 6 to 9 months, understand words and gestures by 10 months, and speak their first words at about 1 year. 9. Vocabulary begins to build very slowly until the infant knows approximately 50 words. Then a naming explosion begins. Toward the end of the second year, toddlers begin putting two words together, showing by their word order that they understand the rudiments of grammar. 10. Various theories attempt to explain how infants learn language as quickly as they do. The three main theories emphasize different aspects of early language learning: that infants must be taught, that their brains are genetically attuned to language, and that their social impulses foster language learning. 11. Each of these theories seems partly true. The challenge for developmental scientists has been to formulate a hybrid theory that uses all the insights and research on early language learning. The challenge for caregivers is to respond appropriately to the infant’s early attempts to communicate.